The Modern Buffalo.

As there are one and half billion cattle romping the earth. The predominance of cattle to western culture never has been more evident.
Nearly all most every food source has dairy. For example behaviour as our identity mixed with animal. On another world this would be alien and a culture.  As cattle are a pray they Haven two kinds of colour receptors in the cone cells of their retinas. This means that cattle are dichromatic, as are most other non-primate land mammals. There are two to three rods per cone in the fovea centralis but five to six near the optic papilla. Cattle can distinguish long wavelength colours (yellow, orange and red) much better than the shorter wavelengths (blue, grey and green). Calves are able to discriminate between long (red) and short (blue) or medium (green) wavelengths, but have limited ability to discriminate between the short and medium.
They also approach handlers more quickly under red light. Whilst having good colour sensitivity, it is not as good as humans or sheep. A common misconception about cattle (particularly bulls) is that they are enraged by the colour red (something provocative is often said to be "like a red flag to a bull"). This is a myth. In bullfighting, it is the movement of the red flag or cape that irritates the bull and incites it to charge Cattle eat mixed diets, but when given the opportunity, show a partial preference of approximately 70% clover and 30% grass.
This preference has a diurnal pattern, with a stronger preference for clover in the morning, and the proportion of grass increasing towards the evening. In laboratory studies, young cattle are able to memorize the locations of several food sources and retain this memory for at least 8 hrs, although this declined after 12 hrs. Fifteen-month-old heifers learn more quickly than adult cows which have had either one or two calving, but their longer-term memory is less stable. Mature cattle perform well in spatial learning tasks and have a good long-term memory in these tests. Cattle tested in a radial arm maze are able to remember the locations of high-quality food for at least 30 days. Although they initially learn to avoid low-quality food, this memory diminishes over the same duration.

Under less artificial testing conditions, young cattle showed they were able to remember the location of feed for at least 48 days.
Cattle can make an association between a visual stimulus and food within 1 day – memory of this association can be retained for 1 year, despite a slight decay. Calves are capable of discrimination learning [50] and adult cattle compare favourably with small mammals in their learning ability in the Closed-field Test. They are also able to discriminate between familiar individuals, and among humans. Cattle can tell the difference between familiar and unfamiliar animals of the same species (conspecifics). Studies show they behave less aggressively toward familiar individuals when they are forming a new group.Calves can also discriminate between humans based on previous experience, as shown by approaching those who handled them positively and avoiding those who handled them aversely. Although cattle can discriminate between humans by their faces alone, they also use other cues such as the colour of clothes when these are available.

In audio play-back studies, calves prefer their own mother's vocalizations compared to the vocalizations of an unfamiliar mother. In laboratory studies using images, cattle can discriminate between images of the heads of cattle and other animal species. [56] They are also able to distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar conspecifics. Furthermore, they are able to categorize images as familiar and unfamiliar individuals. When mixed with other individuals, cloned calves from the same donor form subgroups, indicating that kin discrimination occurs and may be a basis of grouping behaviour. It has also been shown using images of cattle that both artificially inseminated and cloned calves have similar cognitive capacities of kin and non-kin discrimination.

Cattle can recognize familiar individuals. Visual individual recognition is distinguished from mere visual discrimination.
Recognition is a more complex mental process than discrimination. It requires the recollection of the learned idiosyncratic identity of an individual that has been previously encountered and the formation of a mental representation. By using 2-dimensional images of the heads of one cow (face, profiles, ¾ views), all the tested heifers showed individual recognition of familiar and unfamiliar individuals from their own breed. Furthermore, almost all the heifers recognized unknown individuals from different breeds, although this was achieved with greater difficulty. Individual recognition was most difficult when the visual features of the breed being tested were quite different from the breed in the image, for example, the breed being tested had no spots whereas the image was of a spotted breed.
Cattle use visual/brain lateralisation in their visual scanning of novel and familiar stimuli. Domestic cattle prefer to view novel stimuli with the left eye, i.e. using the right brain hemisphere (similar to horses, Australian magpies, chicks, toads and fish) but use the right eye, i.e. using the left hemisphere, for viewing familiar stimuli. In cattle, temperament can affect production traits such as carcass and meat quality or milk yield as well as affecting the animal's overall health and reproduction. Cattle temperament is defined as "the consistent behavioural and physiological difference observed between individuals in response to a stressor or environmental challenge and is used to describe the relatively stable difference in the behavioural predisposition of an animal, which can be related to psychobiological mechanisms". Generally, cattle temperament is assumed to be multidimensional. Five underlying categories of temperament traits have been proposed. There demeanour shyness-boldness, exploration-avoidance, activity, aggressiveness and sociability.

In a study on Holstein–Friesian heifers learning to press a panel to open a gate for access to a food reward.
The researchers also recorded the heart rate and behavior of the heifers when moving along the race towards the food. When the heifers made clear improvements in learning, they had higher heart rates and tended to move more vigorously along the race. The researchers concluded this was an indication that cattle may react emotionally to their own learning improvement. Negative emotional states are associated with a bias toward negative (pessimistic) responses towards ambiguous cues in judgement tasks –as encapsulated in the question of "is the glass half empty or half full?".
After separation from their mothers. Holstein calves showed such a cognitive bias indicative of low mood. A similar study showed that after hot-iron dis-budding (dehorning), calves had a similar negative bias indicating that post-operative pain following this routine procedure results in a negative change in emotional state. In studies of visual discrimination, the position of the ears has been used as an indicator of emotional state.When cattle are stressed, this can be recognised by other cattle as it is communicated by alarm substances in the urine. Cattle are very gregarious and even short-term isolation is considered to cause severe psychological stress.
When Aubrac and Fresian heifers are isolated, they increase their vocalizations and experience increased heart rate and plasma cortisol concentrations. These physiological changes are greater in Aubracs. When visual contact is re-instated, vocalisations rapidly decline, regardless of the familiarity of the returning cattle, however, heart rate decreases are greater if the returning cattle are familiar to the previously-isolated individual. Mirrors have been used to reduce stress in isolated cattle. There is conflicting evidence for magnetoreception in cattle. One study reported that resting and grazing cattle tend to align their body axes in the geomagnetic North-South (N-S) direction this wouldn't be the case.

Sexual Healing

This ninteen year old man has found a way to reach out to the target group of 16-25 years with the important message about protecting themselves. This is a group that is not swayed by forefinger, facts or scaremongering, says Christina Placht, in RFSU. Saying this is far from carrying out high jinks just for YouTube as people laugh about "I thought it was hilarious. If I can do a good thing for others, just by being a dick, there is nothing better,” Philip van Eck, has become known as the man inside the costume as his glitter as it rains out, this man has been enlisted by sexual health charity RFSU for youth in Norway. The idea behind the stunt is to raise awareness about chlamydia and contraception in Norway.

According to statistics 23,000 Norwegians contract the STI every year but use protection less than their Nordic neighbours. 

Perhaps that's all about to change. Art view thought it was hilarious. Saying If I can make a good case for others, just by being a dickhead, there's nothing better than that, grins Philip van Eck. A 19-year-old is almost done with school in Sandefjord, but before he has guitar exam Friday, he managed to be part of a quite particular stunt last week. Philip will namely front the new RFSU campaign to come, to get more people to use protection. Outperformed hundreds other adds in It was a buddy who read an ad high on facebook. When he came to Are You a dork I cried jaaaaa, laughing 19-year-old.

A buddy took him at his word, and sent a picture of him RFSU, where he had purple hair and told that Philip. Vips he was selected from among hundreds who would be involved. As he said to art view if  he can help more people remember protection do I welcome it, says Philip, who has just finished russ time. Russ is a natural target for a campaign about condoms. Ready for guitar-examination Philip finish the job as giant penis for this time, but he happily up at similar things later, as long as it is an important issue. Now he has, however, another important issue to complete. Friday he asks with electric guitar on graduation studying music in high school. It will be interesting. I have to play a certain number of self-selected pieces and a total of 15-20 minutes.

Authentic Value.

Men Seem to focus more on the artist's background and authenticity, while women focus on payment. Also women pay attention to the art itself, as the Michigan researchers say. While men on the other hand, focus more on the artist's background and authenticity. Researchers surveyed ​​518 people who look at two paintings that were unfamiliar with made-up biographies of an artist.

Exercise close eyes as to focus on the pulse loop may see 100,000 paintings some never seen before. Some participants read a bio that characterized the artist as authentic  in other words, a lifelong painter who created the most unique work. Others read a bio that characterized the artist as an ordinary painter who took up the craft only recently. When the artist was characterized as authentic, Participants had a much more favorable impression, with both the artist and the artwork. Participants indicated they were willing to buy art works that artist's and painting authenticated, thus were willing to pay the higher price for that. Men were much more likely to use the artist's brand as a deciding factor when evaluating art. The Michigan State University study, which appears in the journal Psychology & Marketing, is the first to investigate how important an artist's 'brand' is to average consumers when they appraise art here with Simon Cowell as says likes this is the best that will carry a value.

The research could have major implications for the $ 64 billion art market and other product industries, carry this forward as such into food and fashion. 'All were consumers in the study, but especially men, evaluated art with a strong emphasis on how the artist was motivated and there passionate,' said Stephanie Mangus, who led the research. 'So if you're an artist or an art specialist if you're managing. Develop a development towards that human brand art view say kick d cook the drift- Getting the message across that you're authentic - becomes essential ingredient in art.

So as 'Mangus and her fellow researchers had 518 people look at two paintings unfamiliar with made-up biographies of the artist. some participants read a bio that characterized the artist as authentic - in other words, a lifelong painter who created unique work. Others read a bio That Characterized the artist as an ordinary painter who took up the craft only recently. Women appreciate art than men. This researchers find males focus on the artist, while females look at the art itself men much more likely to use artist's brand. When evaluating art. Findings may extend to clothing, shoe, jewelry and food industries. The sexes have very different reactions when they look at art, researchers have found. They say that in fact, women appreciate art to texture. Men Seem to focus more on the artist's background and authenticity, while women pay attention to the art itself, characterized as authentic. Participants had a much more favorable impression of both the artist and the artwork. As participants indicated they were willing to buy paintings that artist's painting and to pay a higher price for it. keeps the profession within rank.

Art view states this coincides with past research that indicates that men tend to use factors are known to them (in this case, the artist's brand) when making a decision. Women also took the artist's authenticity into account, but a bigger factor for them was 'the artwork itself' despite all. 'Women are more willing to go through a complicated process of actually evaluating the artwork.' Mangus said, 'whereas men may say,' this guy's a 'great artist', I know I'll buy his art anyway. While the art market has grown steadily for the past 10 years - 'outperforming the equities market' During That Time - there's a dearth of research on how consumers are actually determining the worth of artwork, Mangus said to art view n tend to use. That factors are known to them (in this case, the artist's brand) When making a decision knowing that the artist's brand plays a major role in consumption' evaluation may help art dealers in September gain better prices. The findings can help consumers make decisions also on which art they buy. 'For the average person trying to purchase art, knowing something about the artist helpful registered or accredited- and knowing that the artist is authentic - can reduce the risk of buying a whole worthless piece,' Mangus said. Likely the findings extend to other product industries in which a creator is highly involved-and visible. These include the clothing, shoe, jewelry and restaurant and food industries.  'While designers and chefs oftentimes operate in the background, this research suggests art bought had emphatically way of communicating their passion and commitment to their craft could benefits these establishments significantly promoting there own brand's image and sales,' the study concludes like a fine luxury good.

Covers become Art.

Anaconda 'single cover art' as this came under the spot light and has been widely criticized for the x-rated content. Famous Miley Cyrus, who is no stranger to pulling off a variety of poses and raunchy onstage antics herself, Has created her own spoof versions of the poses. To the delight of her fans. As they said we cant stop this singer from sharing her music and poses, its not one but two replicas of the album art with her own face super-imposed labeled over the top, on social media. Both images in the covers photos of magazine wow shows the 21-year-old as she mi-micks the same squat pose. As the hip hop star dances her choreographic steps.

The first picture sees the cover undergo a rap star in Disney make over.
This features as Miley Cyrus posed as Hannah Montanna a photo from her her famous days with the slogan switched from 'Anaconda to Hannah Conda'. Yes yes yes yes yes nicki minaj," she wrote alongside the hilarious spoof inspired by her former Disney character. The singer posted a second spoof Also featuring poses them to more recent image and quoting lyrics from Sir Mix-A-Lot's Baby Got Back anthem. 'don't wanton one unless you got bunz hum' she wrote alongside an image. Minaj sent ripples through the music industry last month. This is when she released the provocative artwork, which will feature on her upcoming album, 'The Pink Print'. Gosh the Owner of All Hip-Hop.com,
Chuck Creekmur wrote a scathing open letter to the star condemning her for taking photos with out her clothes off and urging her to consider the impact her actions, may have on her young fan-base. Meanwhile fellow singer Katy Perry showed her support tweeting 'I wanna take a nap on dat doe NICKI MINAJ pillow.' Others labeled it "crude", "disgusting" and "overly explicit" causing it to be the beauty and a beat this hit maker just to responding send to the pose of her ample back was no more 'unacceptable' than similar images of other white models. As Cyrus is not the first to spoof at the picture, However, as Minaj herself previously posted several hilarious meme pictures, these featuring pop culture images, including 'The Lion King and The Simpsons'. It may turn into a cover photo-shoot what sun screen used make it happen. Forget the Spanish artist Gonzalo Orquin or the three dimensional camera.

Drone Photographic.

Art view was told that National Geographic France, which sponsored and helped judge the contest ‘saying to art view they were totally captivated to this type of shooting. Some contestance saying 'I never go anywhere without my drone. In the morning, there were up at 7.30am to capture this magnificent sunrise from the belfry of Sanary-sur-mer.’ A drone's eye view of life on Earth competition showcases stunning photographs taken from the air using flying robots The contest was run by Dronestagram with support from National Geographic and Go Pro. 

As there were two categories - the Judge’s Choice award, and the most liked images on the contest's site the The first prize winner was Dendi Pratam from Yogyakarta, Indonesia, registered under the username Capungaero. His drone captured an eagle from above as the bird soared over Bali Barat National Park in Pratam’s home country. Pratam said he noticed the eagle was chasing the drone, but rather than attack it, the bird was playing with it. 'The first overall winner was Dendi Pratam' for his image of an eagle soaring over Bali Barat National Park, Indonesia. Second place went to user Jericsaniel, or Jericho Saniel Lunario, from the Philippines of a park in Manila Third place image was taken by Dominique Reginensi Reignier-Esery and showed the sunset over Annecy in France. 
'Dronestagram is a photo-sharing site that geographically tags images' taken by drones around the world As they capturing stunning photos lit with the perfect lighting is hard enough when you’re holding the camera, let alone when you’re controlling it remotely via a drone. With this in mind, photo-sharing site Dronestagram wanted to reward the photography skills of drone enthusiasts with its first aerial photo contest. Judges and sponsors, including 'National Geographic and Go Pro', have now selected the winners - and first prize went to a magnificent aerial shot of an eagle soaring over a national park in Indonesia.

 The contest was run by Dronestagram and first prize went to Dendi Pratam for his image of an eagle soaring over Bali Barat National Park (pictured) in Indonesia. Dronestagram is a photo-sharing site that geographically tags images taken by drones around the world. Judges and sponsors included National Geographic and Go Pro. 

‘Picking winners was a very difficult task especially because of the great quality of the photos that have been submitted,’ explained the site. ‘We tried to reward the photos that show the fantastic potential offered by drones in terms of image. It’s been an amazing first edition with many photos entered from everywhere in the world.’Judge's Choice Award. 1st Prize: Capungaero - Eagle soaring over Bali Barat National Park. 2nd Prize: Jericsaniel - Park in Manila. 3rd Prize: Drone-cs - Sunset over Annect, France The most Liked Community Award. 1st Prize: Postandfly - Tamul Waterfall, Mexico. 2nd Prize: Jams69 - Sanary Sur Mer. 3rd Prize: Ice Fire - Fireworks in Sofia Second place went to Jericsaniel, or Jericho Saniel Lunario, from the Philippines. His image captured an aerial shot of cyclists, joggers and visitors to a park in Caloocan City in Manila. He used a DJI Phantom drone fitted with a Go Pro Hero 3 camera. 

Saniel Lunario said ‘I was flying in the park one Sunday morning when suddenly people became really interested in my drone. Looking at this picture, I realised how happy my drone made these people. Second place went to Jericsaniel, or Jericho Saniel Lunario from the Philippines. His image captured an aerial shot of cyclists, joggers and visitors to a park in Caloocan City in Manila. He used a DJI Phantom drone fitted with a Go Pro Hero 3 camera. Saniel Lunario said: 'I was flying in the park one Sunday morning when suddenly people became really interested in my drone. Looking at this picture, I realised how happy my drone made these people' Third place went to Dominique Reginensi Reignier-Esery, Haute-Savoie. Her shot (pictured) shows a sunset over Annecy in France and captures the moment the sun pierces the castle in the old town region. This caused the light to produce a rainbow of colours on the bridge in the foreground. Third place went to Dominique Reginensi Reignier-Esery from Haute-Savoie's shot of a sunset over Annecy in France. It captures the moment the sun pierces the castle in the old town region. This caused the light to produce a rainbow of colours on the bridge in the foreground. Awards were also given to the photos that didn’t make the top three, but were the most liked photos on the Dronestagram contest page.The most popular image captured the Tamul Waterfall in Mexico and was shot by drone photography firm Post and fly.

Awards were also given to the photos that didn't make the top three, but were the most liked photos on the Dronestagram contest page. The most popular image captured the Tamul Waterfall in Mexico (pictured) and was shot by drone photography firm Postandfly User Jeremy Ballester, also known as Jams69, came fifth overall, and second in the most-liked list with this image of Sanary in France. 

Ballester told National Geographic France: 'I am totally addicted to this type of shooting. I never go anywhere without my drone. That morning, I was up at 7.30am to capture this magnificent sunrise from the belfry of Sanary-sur-mer' With its 344ft (105 metre) drop, Tamul is the highest waterfall in the state of San Luis Potosi. User Jeremy Ballester, also known as Jams69, came fifth overall, and second in the most-liked list with his image of Sanary in France and the third most-liked image was taken by user IceFire, in Sofia, Bulgaria. It captures a firework display over National Stadium Vasil Levski in May this year. 

Describing the image, photographer Svetlin Marinov said: 'This [image] is the 100th anniversary of one of the two biggest football teams in Bulgaria. After a special game with the legendary Italians from Lazio; the time came for the big firework display' It captures a firework display over National Stadium Vasil Levski in May this year.Describing the image, photographer Svetlin Marinov said: ‘This [image] is the 100th anniversary of one of the two biggest football teams in Bulgaria. After a special game with the legendary Italians from Lazio; the time came for the big firework display. ‘Along with it, the public was invited to fire up everything that they had and all together produced this amazing, spectacular image.’

Valentine Experience.

Priced at $675 for one night's stay as this hotel offers canvas and none toxic paint for a memorable conceptual experience. As streaks of passion and blurred action this Hotel invites couples to make love on canvas. To create Valentine's works of art In a bid to make this Valentine's Day a special night to remember, one hotel is inviting guests to cover themselves in paint and make love on canvas. The Tribeca Grand in New York told Art view that its special package, priced at $675 for one night's stay, 'is so unique it instantly reawakens those "first date" feelings and brings couples closer together as they express their love through art.' The 5ft by 4ft canvases, which will be left in each room along with pots of paint, chocolate covered strawberries, champagne, and candles, can be rapt put into a canvas pot taken home afterwards as a romantic keepsake.+9

Letting the creative juices flow theme in a bid to make this Valentine's Day a special night to remember, The Tribeca Grand hotel in New York is inviting guests to cover themselves in paint and make love on canvas. Artist Alexander Esguerra was behind the concept. 
As he has been running his 'Love and Paint' experiences for the past four years and collaborated with Tribeca Grand to create a special Valentine's Day-themed package. 'Love is a powerful creative force,' says the 32 year-old, who came up with the idea after a night of passion. Recalling his light-bulb moment, he told the New York Daily News: 'I woke up one morning after a sexual encounter and my normally organized room was a mess, A room for two. Here A photograph of one of the suites at the Tribeca Grand. Keeping it clean so that hotel guests don't damage furnishings while making their passionate works of art, a clear protective tarpaulin and slippers are provided.+9

All smiles: After an evening of artistry, guests will be treated to an 'extravagant breakfast' in bed - and so they can take time to admire their painting efforts, checkout has been extended from noon to 2pm 'I wanted to artistically capture those moments through the act of sex that our bodies interacted and affected the space around us without bringing in that whole played-out porn spiel.' So that hotel guests don't damage furnishings while making their passionate works of art, a clear protective tarpaulin and slippers are provided and to ensure that they don't come out in rashes after rolling around in layers of paint, a special non-toxic, water-based formula was selected. Novel idea: Artist Alexander Esguerra was behind the concept - He has been running his 'Love and Paint' experiences for the past four years and collaborated with Tribeca Grand to create a special Valentine's Day-themed package+Getting into the swing of things: Mr Esguerra says that he usually tells people to take the paint, lay on top of the canvas and pour it over their bodies.

Blue Motion.

Consensus on demand as this is a new way of exchanging social interactions delivered with sensuality. As with social media its for a partners underwear, featuring a wearable massager. This can be controlled by a partner using an applet even in rush hour traffic. It has been unveiled at the 2014 Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas. The 'blue motion vibrator' was created to bring couples closer using smart phones. Who might otherwise ignore each other and pay more attention to emails and text messages. Now your boyfriend can use his smart phone to control your underwear and turn you on. The massager can be fitted inside underwear and can be controlled remotely using an Android or iOS app. Blue motion vibrator aims to bring couples closer using smart phones. Device will go on sale in the U.S. in March 2014 and will retail for $129. It is not clear whether the device will be rolled out in other countries. Couples in long-distance relationships might already use their phones to send raunchy photo messages to one another but now smart phones can be used to keep the passion alive in a new way as an OMG.

Blue motion, a wearable massager that can be operated using an iPhone or Android app, has been unveiled at the 2014 Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas. 
It is designed for single women and couples, as it is possible for a partner to take control of the toy to surprise the wearer (stock image)The smart underwear features a Bluetooth enabled massager that can vibrate in unlimited patterns and promises to be 'completely discrete'.‘For some couples, the explosion of the digital age has resulted in a shift in intimacy, as many pay more attention to devices than their partners,’ said Suki Dunham founder of OhMiBod.The smart underwear features a Bluetooth enabled massager that can vibrate in unlimited patterns and promises to be 'completely discrete' A stock image is pictured ‘blueMotion breaks down those virtual barriers by encouraging couples to interact both physically and emotionally using technology. 'They can experience the thrill of unlimited vibration patterns and total discretion whenever the mood arises.’

The lightweight blue motion device, which can be fitted inside underwear has a motor that is controlled by an app for Android and iOS smartphones in numerous ways. It connects to a smart phone via the 'remote' app to make use of phone features including the accelerometer, touch screen, and volume controls to operate the massager. Sound clips can be recorded using the app, which generates vibrations though the device based on a partner’s voice or a 'favorite song'. The company says that the number of vibration patterns that can be created is limitless. The massager will go on sale in March 2014 and retail for $129. 
As the ubiquity of this quite vibrator massage message as more than 50 per cent of American women have used a vibrator, making them nearly as ubiquitous as a coffee maker. The vibrator was the fifth domestic appliance to be electrified, following the sewing machine, fan, kettle, and toaster - and it beat both the vacuum cleaner and the iron to market. The sizable market has estimated sales at $1.3billion a year. A 2009 study from Indiana University found that 53 per cent of women in the U.S. - and nearly half of all men - have used vibrators, making them twice as common among adults as condoms users.